((Hey, everyone!
I'm gonna keep this updated with what is being taught in Behavior Analysis 101 and 102 classes in a summarized way, so if anyone needs or wants to review them, they have a way to do that. ICly, those are published notes by the instructor, Janaynna Gomes, and accessible to anyone in Columtreal.))
Class #1 - What is Behavior?
Definition of Behavior:
Behavior is defined differently through different philosophies. Some philosophies consider behavior determined by an unconscious mind, or by a metaphysical entity called soul. To radical behaviorism, the philosophy from behavior analysis, the concept is broadly defined as an action an organism does in specifiable conditions. This definition is intentionally inclusive, encompassing both observable actions and private events such as thoughts and feelings and allows behavior analysts to study and analyze a wide range of behaviors, both overt (observable) and covert (not directly observable).
As it happens in specifiable conditions, behavior can also be, at some extent, predicted as, in similar conditions, it is likely that an organism would do the same action again, although the complexity of variables that impact behavior, and the covert nature of some of those variables, makes very difficult for complete prediction of someone's behavior efficiently.
Characteristics of Behavior:
- Observable: Behavior analysis emphasizes the importance of focusing on behaviors that are observable. This is because observable behaviors can be objectively recorded and analyzed, providing a solid foundation for scientific investigation.
- Dynamic and Ever-Changing: Behavior is dynamic and can change over time. It is influenced by a variety of factors, including environmental events, personal experiences, knowledge passed by a culture to its members and physiological states. Behavior analysts are interested in understanding the variables that influence the occurrence and change of behavior.
- Individualized: Behavior is unique to each individual. While certain behaviors may be similar across people, the specific form and function of behaviors can vary widely. Behavior analysts often conduct assessments to understand the unique aspects of an individual's behavior.
- Context-Dependent: Behavior is context-dependent, meaning it is influenced by the environment in which it occurs. The same behavior may have different antecedents and consequences in different situations. Analyzing the context helps behavior analysts identify patterns and make effective interventions.
Types of Behavior:
- Respondent Behavior: Behavior that occurs in response to a specific stimulus. Respondent behaviors are often reflexive and include physiological responses (e.g., salivating in response to food).
- Operant Behavior: Behavior that is influenced by its consequences. Operant behaviors are voluntary and are strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow them.
- Covert Behavior: Private events that are not directly observable, such as thoughts, emotions, and sensations. While not directly observable, covert behaviors can be inferred and studied through their effects on observable behaviors.
It is important to notice, though, that usually our actions involve more than one type of behavior happening simultaneously, and that this distinction is to facilitate the analysis of the action.
Applied Implications:
Behavior analysts use their understanding of behavior to:
- Assessment: Conduct functional assessments to identify the variables influencing behavior.
- Intervention: Design interventions based on the functions of behavior.
- Measurement: Use objective and precise measures to evaluate behavior change.
In summary, behavior in behavior analysis is a comprehensive concept that encompasses a wide range of actions, including both observable and private events. By studying behavior, behavior analysts aim to identify patterns, understand the factors influencing behavior, and develop effective interventions to promote change.